This article is a presentation of the various orphan management systems that are to be undertaken by governments, NGOs, communities and families. Health and social of children living in a world with AIDS, international policy response to the need for systems of care for children affected by AIDS, strategy development and systems design on the macro level, orphan estimates and data development is explored. The progress made to date by children, families, communities, governments and partners in finding solutions to these issues and identification of challenges faced by communities threatened by HIV/AIDS is also discussed.